Charismatic Leadership Style Of Steve Jobs - 1100 Words

Charismatic leadership style of Steve Jobs The word ‘charisma’ means ‘gift’ or ‘divine favor’, referring to an innate and indescribable charm found in an ‘exclusive few’ that, when wielded, is a source of great power and influence over others. In the 1940s, renowned German sociologist Max Weber explained charisma as a form of influence independent of tradition and formal authority, based on follower perceptions of the leader’s extraordinary qualities. While Weber regarded charisma as a ‘divinely inspired’ personality characteristic that predominantly emerge during crisis situations, he endorsed followers contribution in recognizing the person’s charisma, which will elevate the individual to a position of leadership in the community. The charismatic leader inculcates trust, affection and loyalty among followers, whilst they experience a high sense of involvement and self-worth by aligning with the leader’s value system, ideology and ambitions. By invoking self-vision the leader shares values and work role identities of the group, which evokes a feeling of pride among followers about the meaning and importance of their roles. Strong charismatic leader Steven (â€Å"Steve†) Paul Jobs, the famous CEO of Apple Inc. — is widely recognized as a ‘strong charismatic leader’ in the technology and entertainment industry. Charisma, a gift given to few people, nature bestowed that on Steve Jobs, along with a spellbinding ability to captivate a crowd. Born as an orphan, from the age ofShow MoreRelatedLeadership Styles From The Television1395 Words   |  6 Pagesbook, will be identified. Leadership theories will be used to evaluate my selected leader to determine what characteristics and leadership abilities helped this leader become successful. I will also include an evaluation of my own leadership style and identify what my individual leadership characteristics are. The plan will be developed to improve my leadership style based upon the findings of my chosen leader’s leadership style compared to my own. Leadership Style Leadership influences a group ofRead MoreTransformational Leadership : The Most Important Aspect Of Management1088 Words   |  5 PagesTraditional vs. Transformational Leadership Many leaders from history have the label of charismatic, intellectual and inspirational. Leadership is labeled as the most important aspect of management because leadership what defines a well-balanced and managed organization. Leaders influence groups to reach and achieve goals that the organization has set into action. Transformational and transactional leadership are the two most prominent leadership theories. This objective of this paper is to defineRead MoreSteve Jobs1617 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The leadership plays a vital role in the success of any organization. In the telecom industry, leadership plays a vital role for transformation and trust among the customers and the company (Dowling, S. 2010). The main role is the leadership styles of various leaders in the mobile industry. This paper discusses and analyses the leadership style of Steve Jobs at Apple Incl. Apple is known for high innovation and employee satisfaction. The company is main contributor to the design aspectRead MoreLeadership Style Of Steve Jobs1149 Words   |  5 PagesSTEVE JOBS The aim of this essay is to basically dissect the leadership style of Steve Jobs in accomplishing results. Steve Jobs was an American businessman, an early proponent of (PCs) and a social symbol. He’s best known for his two wildly successful tenures as co-founder and CEO of Apple. In 2011,  he had a net worth of $10.2 billion.  Throughout the years, his visionary ideas and close attention to detail were instrumental to the products that Apple would go on to create during his tenure, includingRead MoreSteve Jobs as a Visionary and Transformational Leader1165 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Steve Jobs unique approach to leadership and visionary approach to creating, producing and selling innovative products, combined with his innate ability to orchestrate increasingly complex companies have earned him many accolades. Fortune Magazine named him the best leader of the Decade and countless other publications, colleges and universities have given him many accolades and honorary degrees. All these external measures of success reflect who Steve Jobs is on a daily basis,Read MoreTransformational Leadership Theory For A Business Firm Known As Apple Inc.1247 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership is the process by which a person exerts influence over other people and inspires, motivates, and directs their activities to help achieve group or organizational goals (Jones George, 2009, p. 415). A leadership theory is a discipline that focuses on finding out what makes successful leaders excel in what they do (Robertson, 2008). Recently, numerous leadership theories have been proposed wit h purposes that influence the effectiveness of leaders. Despite of the various leadership theoriesRead MoreLeadership : The Steve Jobs Case Study1549 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership: The Steve Jobs Case study During his life, Steve Jobs was one of the most innovative and influential leaders of his time. It could be said that he occupies one part of the continuum as a transformational leader who demonstrates the qualities of a transformational leader. Jobs used the corrective transactions of a transactional leader, such as harsh criticism (which can be seen as punishment) when a staff did not meet his expectations. Just like a transformational leader, he paid attentionRead MoreLeadership Practices And Its Impact On The Success Of The World Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagesbased on contemporary leadership practices which help to steer the wheel of the organisation to greater heights. Leadership as the topic has previously been viewed to play a great impact on the success of the most ranking organization in the world. The genesis to this is starting in past century to the 21st century (Bennis W.2007). It is through this research; efforts are made to apply relevant leadership practices concerning Apple Company about an icon in Apple’s C.E.O Steve Jobs who is one of the mostRead MoreSteve Jobs : An Effective Leader Of The Company1325 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing one of the most innovative. Steve Jobs was co-founder of Apple Computer, and a successful leader in the world of technology. He was successful in, not only creating cutting-edge products but, building a company where employees were malleable to his charismatic style of leadership. According to our textbook, Steve Jobs personified Edward Ghiselli’s traits of need for achievement, intelligence, decisiveness, self-confidence, initiative, and getting the job done through others; here applies theRead MoreInfluential Leaders Of Todays Largest Companies1271 Words   |  6 Pagesprofits, and motivate and lead its employees. Leaders have different leadership styles often driven by their unique personalities. This paper will examine one of the most innovative and influential leaders of our time, the late Steve Jobs. The paper will examine his leadership style, his greatest success, and his most significant challenge, providing a peek into what made him successful. Steve Jobs the Leader The late Steve Jobs was a transformational leader. He was an enigma that was a creative

The Importance Of Self Identity And Individuality

The Importance of Self Identity and Individuality Stereotypes have been around since the beginning and continue to hurt the lives of certain people in society. Due to stereotypes and prejudice made by certain people, the author, Evan Hunter, successfully demonstrated through the story â€Å"On the Sidewalk Bleeding† the consequences of stereotyping. The story focuses on a sixteen year old boy named Andy, and his last moments being alive after being stabbed by a rival gang known as the Guardians. Andy was stereotyped because of his purple jacket that identified him as a member of the Royals. While he is reflecting on his life, four people come by but do not take the time to help. The drunk man†¦show more content†¦There were so many things to do. He wondered why he’d never thought of them before, wondered why the rumbles and the jumps and the purple jackets had always seemed so important to him before. Now they seemed like such small things in a world he was missing, a world that was rushing past a t the other end of the alley† (Hunter, pg 6-7). The tone shown through this is sadness and grief because he is realizing all of the things he will never be able to do because he missed out on them and he realizes that there are many more things important to life than the purple jacket. This realization suggests that if he had not chosen the stereotyped identity of others in the gang that wear the purple jacket, he would not have been killed. If he had thought of the outcomes of his decision, he may of seen that it was not the best choice to join the Royals. It seems that he had thought more about the rewards of pride and respect than the things that would effect him. Which is another example as to why the tone is sadness and grief because he is regretting things he had chosen to do. In addition, the feeling and emotions towards the subject also happen when it is described that â€Å"If he had not been wearing the jacket, he wouldn’t have been stabbed. The knife had no t been plunged in hatred of Andy. The knife hated only the purple jacket. The jacket was a stupid meaningless thing that was robbing him of his life† (Hunter, pg 7). Once again, this tone ofShow MoreRelatedThis Side of Paradaise by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican youth, always struggling between individuality and the desire for acceptance. But also we get glimpses of situations in which he seems to be the embodiment of America itself – of old European heritage, struggling with his uniqueness in a world where, to survive, he must fit in. Fitzgerald described the novel as a â€Å"quest novel† that focuses on Amory’s journey to self-understanding. The three primary elements that influence Amory on his road to self-realization are convention, women, and moneyRead MoreImportance Of Race Ethnicity : An Exploration Of Asian, Black, Latino, And Multiracial Adolescent Identity Essay1047 Words   |  5 PagesHatice Kara September 12th, 2015 Dr. Wang Article Critique #1 Importance of race-ethnicity: An exploration of Asian, Black, Latino, and Multiracial adolescent identity Article source- Charmaraman, L., Grossman, J. M. (2010, April). Importance of race-ethnicity: An exploration of Asian, Black, Latino, and Multiracial adolescent identity. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16(2), 144-151. doi: 10.1037/a0018668 (a) Contextual information about the purpose/intention of this study:Read MoreStrictly Ballroom - Perspectives on Belonging1637 Words   |  7 Pagesconformity to rules, or belong to a place where you find inspiration to express your own sense of individuality. The film Strictly Ballroom, directed by Baz Luhrmann portrays many different perspectives in regards to belonging. The opening scenes of Strictly Ballroom explore aspects of not belonging and non-acceptance. To belong to the world of ballroom dancing means sacrificing self-expression and individual identity. Scott Hastings represents the individual who repels against the group as it threatens toRead MoreAnthem Individuality Essay847 Words   |  4 PagesIndividuality in Anthem Ceaseless collectivism is not something that can be forced upon a community. Ayn Rand’s novel Anthem conveys this through the writings of Equality 7-2125, a man willing to stand up to the collectivism of the society he is confined to. Anthem not only shows how dull and lifeless a society can be with a lack of individuality in its people, but also reveals how one person can significantly impact a community. This novel displays the importance of individualism through Equality’sRead MoreThe Search Engine By Sherman Alexie1074 Words   |  5 Pagesto one’s identity is an interesting thing because it becomes such an important aspect of one’s view of themselves. The New York Times covered this topic in a video called â€Å"Dream Catchers†. Through the perspectives of four different people, the impact of a college education is explored. In Sherman Alexie’s short story, â€Å"The Search Engine†, the same theme is explored through the character of Corliss. Through these examples, and my own experiences, the themes of individuality, independenceRead MoreHumor And Science Fiction By Kurt Vonnegut1298 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most recurring themes discussed by Vonnegut in his work is individuality. He constantly highlights the importance of individuality in an ironic way; by displaying the negative repercussions of an extreme social equality. In this paper I will analyze the topic of individuality in some of Vonnegut’s acclaimed short stories. The first story is â€Å"Harrison Bergeron†, which is probably the most famous of his stories regarding individuality. In the story, the government suppresses all creativity and talentRead MoreThe Group to Which We Belong to Provides Us with Our Identity1200 Words   |  5 Pagespeers, circle of friends and work colleagues also contribute to deciding our characters. Groups shape our identity significantly and the fact that we belong to a certain group sometimes defines who we are, although our own identity may need to be compromised in order for us to belong. Our sense of self is usually shaped and influenced by communities we are part of, however, our individuality is constantly altered and adjusted by the world beyond us as we come to interact with people whose perceptionRead MoreAnalysis Of John Stuart Mill s Flags, Anthems, Art, And Traditions1693 Words   |  7 Pagesdetermining one’s self image and identity. These are all formed from experience and relationshi ps between other citizens from your nation. Many people are naturally inclined to have a strong sense of nationalism towards the country in which they were born. Others may change their customs and beliefs when moving to another nation or develop preference to another nation’s customs. It is in the hands of the individual to make this ultimate decision. John Stuart Mill believes that identity is an importantRead MoreBelonging - Strictly Ballroom1203 Words   |  5 PagesRoger Holt, revolves around the individual Timothy whose individuality is suppressed by his fathers’ expectations. The song, â€Å"Where we belong†, by Steven Curtis Chapman, explores whether individuals are deemed worthy to belong. Hence, these texts are important in broadening our understanding of the negatives and positives of belonging and not belonging. The film, â€Å"Strictly Ballroom†, demonstrates the difficulty in expressing one’s individuality because of the rules and regulations enforced by culturesRead MoreThe New World And Fahrenheit 451 Essay864 Words   |  4 Pagesbelonging, and sense of community all stem from the realization of self identification. Brave New World and Fahrenheit 451 both depict a futuristic society where self identification is either being stripped from citizens or has been completely eradicated altogether. The rise of technology in both societies has usurped the importance of knowledge and personal experiences in regards to personal identity formation. This war on self identity is no coincidence, both novels depict government’s that wish to

Principles Associated With The Therapeutic - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: 1. What does the term consent mean to you? 2. What is the importance of consent to the patient? What is the importance to the assigned LPN? 3. Which CLPNBC Professional Standard indicators apply to this case study? 4. Which CLPNBC Practice Standard applies to consent? Which indicators of this standard apply to consent? 5. What are Ginas ethical obligations? 6. What are Ginas options? 7. Self reflection What would be important to reflect on if you were Gina? What are your personal reflections on this case study? What would you do Answer: Answer 1 Consent refers to the condition when an individual voluntary agrees to the desires or proposal of another individual. It functions as permission for a particular event to occur or an agreement to perform a predetermined task. Answer 2 Question of consent is imperative in medical loss. It helps the patients to take voluntary choices for accepting or refusing the proposed treatment or intervention. An LPN should inform all patients about the principles associated with the therapeutic practice that will be delivered, and the possible adverse effects that might arise. It ensures best interests of their patients. Answer 3 The standard 4 that focuses on ethical practice holds true in this case study. This standard promotes the fact that licensed practical nurse is should uphold, understand that promote all ethical standards of nursing profession. The standard also states that nurses should demonstrate honesty and integrity, while respecting and protecting the word diversity and uniqueness of each client. Answer 4 The CLPNBC Practice standard related to consent is relevant in this context. The indicators which stress on the fact that an LPN should respect, recognise and promote rights of their clients, to remain informed about health care services. Indicators that mention that LPNs should be able to meet the ethical and legal obligations, while obtaining consent hold true in this case. Answer 5 Her ethical obligations are related to the fact that she should provide competent safe and ethical care to her client. She is expected to offer best care services, regardless of the circumstances. Answer 6 Her options include: Arranging for an interpreter, probably a close friend or family member, who is proficient in English and will be able to understand the potential of the surgery and explain it to the patient, thereby obtaining his consent. Using the approach of substitute decision making, where a guardian or person appointed in writing by her client, will be able to take voluntary decisions, in relation to the medical treatment. Asking the employer in advance, to exempt her from providing care to the patient, as lack of informed consent is conflicting with her religious and moral beliefs. Answer 7 I would reflect on the fact that failure to take the patient's informed consent before the surgery might lead to legal consequences, if the surgery fails to act appropriately. It is essential to effectively communicate with his family members, to make them understand the implications of the intervention and the need of obtaining consent. Thorough analysis of the case study helps me understand that Gina adheres to the practice and professional standards, required to be followed by an LPN. She is appropriate in her nursing duties and demonstrates responsibility and honesty while caring for the patient. However, the OR is not following the ethical standards of practice and demonstrates a lack of interest in protecting the patients rights. I would consult with the senior hospital authority to bring to their notice the incompetence displayed by the patient, and would seek their opinion on taking the consent from a close relative.

Negotiation Article Analysis

When negotiations are held, the main intention is to come up with an agreement that will provide a roadmap for an action to be taken (Howard, 1982, p.5). Negotiations have mostly been aimed at ensuring that existing conflicts are resolved amicably. They occur over a wide area and have no restrictions. In addition, negotiations can occur between organizations, businesses, governments and in other personal situations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Negotiation Article Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are many actual negotiation situations that have occurred in a global context. Examples include between international corporations and organizations, government to government and international acquisition (Howard, 1982, p.15). In international business there have been negotiations between the US and China (in relation to currency). China has been accused of manipulating the value of the Yuan. It has bee n agued that they have not moved towards a more flexible currency. On the other hand, the US has been accusing China of being a currency manipulator because it has kept the value of its currency unchanged to the dollar for almost two years (Stohr Mattingly, 2010, p. 7). There has been pressure for a Yuan revelation so as not to put their exports ahead of others like America. Most of the public pressure has come from the US as they have felt more offended than anyone else. Chinas policies and practices have given most exporters an unfair advantage over their US competitors. As a result the US government through its Treasury secretary has been involved in negotiations to resolve this dispute once and for all. Some have been calling for immediate imposition of import duties to the Chinese. This is ultimately a global issue that pits the world’s largest economies against one another. In coming up with negotiations to resolve this dispute some US lawmakers have argued that Chines e leaders are not committed to this issue (Stohr Mattingly, 2010, p. 3). Of course it is evident that problems between the US and China can be solved through negotiations. There has been a multilateral effort to ensure that this issue is solved through negotiations. Negotiations have been aimed at looking into the relationship between the two countries (that will define how they relate in business). Before these there has been a distributive bargaining where the US has urged China to try and correct the situation for better trade relations between the two countries. To resolve this issue China has been urged to move towards a more flexible currency. As a matter of fact, the Chinese president was able to visit Washington in a bid to ensure that trade ties are not severed. On the other hand, China has put in place good measures that allow for negotiations in an aim to resolve this issue. An involving negotiation process has been called for among the players to reach an amicable solut ion as this is a global issue.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a broader perspective, to give the negotiation process a professional approach many economic experts have been called in to ensure that the authenticity of the claim has a basis from which it can be well argued on. The process has involved the people who run treasury from the two countries (Stohr Mattingly, 2010, p. 9). This is because it is an economic dispute that needs a comprehensive solution. Although negotiations are the only way to resolve the dispute; it has not been successful over the years as the Chinese have not been ready (in many occasions) to sit down and commit themselves. The negotiation process is ongoing and will open a window for more issues to be looked into. Reference List Howard, R. (1982). The Art and Science of Negotiation. Harvard: Belknap Press. Stohr, G. Mattingly, P. (2010). (201 0). Geithner Delays Currency Report, Urges Flexible Yuan. Web. This essay on Negotiation Article Analysis was written and submitted by user Levi Noel to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Are Firms Now Vulnerable to an Economic Slowdown free essay sample

With due respect, I would like to inform you that I have completed the Financial Management report on â€Å"Rapidly Rising Corporate Debt: Are Firms Now Vulnerable to an Economic Slowdown†. It is immense pleasure for me because I have successfully completed this report by receiving your continues guideline as a supervisor. I have endeavoured to prepare this report from my level of best to accumulate relevant insightful information. If I am included any wrong information in unconsciously so please forgive me as your student. It is a great experience for me to make this report. I have tried to make the report comprehensively with in the schedule time limited recourse. I make to ensure you that if you have any query about any matter collecting information regarding this report so please ask me and I will best try to answer you. You’re Sincerely Farhana Haque ID: 0920141 MBA (Major in FIN) Independent University Bangladesh (IUB) Executive Summary Financial management is an exciting, challenging, planning directing, monitoring, organizing, controlling and ever-changing discipline. We will write a custom essay sample on Are Firms Now Vulnerable to an Economic Slowdown or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Changing technology and increased globalization are dramatically transforming financial practices and markets. Financial management is concerned with the acquisation, financing and management of assets with some overall goal in mind. Basic financial management includes activities such as managing the day-to-day operations of a business, such as paying suppliers, cost of capital, and budgeting. It also includes making long-term investments in plant and equipment and obtaining the money or financing for your operations. New business leaders and managers have to develop at least basic skills in financial management. Expecting others in the organization to manage finances is clearly asking for trouble. Basic skills in financial management start in the critical areas of cash management and bookkeeping, which should be done according to certain financial controls to ensure integrity in the bookkeeping process. New leaders and managers should soon go on to learn how to generate financial statements and analyze those statements to really understand the financial condition of the business. Financial analysis shows the reality of the situation of a business seen as such; financial management is one of the most important practices in management. This topic will help you understand basic practices in financial management, and build the basic systems and practices needed in a healthy business. If you are inexperienced in financial management, then you should get an accountant initially to help you set up your bookkeeping system, generate financial statements and do some basic financial analysis. But dont count on an accountant to completely take over your responsibility for financial management! The accountant can help you set up a bookkeeping system, generate financial statements and analyze them, but you have to understand financial data to the extent that you can understand the effects of your management decisions, the current condition of your business and how decisions will affect the financial condition of your business in the future. While a well-organized bookkeeping system is vital, even more critical is what you do with it to establish your methods for financial management and control. Introduction: The title of the case is Rapidly Rising Corporate Debt: Are Firms Now Vulnerable to an Economic Slowdown. Name of the author is Carol Osler Gijoon Hong. It was published in June 2000. Venue is Current Issues in Economics Finance, Federal Reserve Bank of New York . Venue type is conference. The rapid growth in corporate debt during the late 1990s raises questions about the financial health of the sector and, indirectly, about the sensitivity of other sectors to economic troubles. The increase of debt in the late 1990s has raised concerns about the U. S. nonfinancial business sector’s health and its weakness to economic downturns. An investigation of the segment suggests that while little firms are experiencing some weakness, corporations as a collection are in superior financial shape. U. S. corporate debt has developed rapidly in current years. Between 1995 and 1999, the exceptional debt of nonfinancial corporations rise a hefty 46 percent—a trend typified by last year’s boost of 12 percent. Viewed as a share of GDP, such debt has now reached extraordinary heights. This apparently high level of debt has concerned some observers, who speculate whether it has made the nonfinancial corporate sector financially weak and vulnerable to economic downturns. Such concerns have gained integrity from the recent deterioration of other. Main Issue: The main issue of this study is we investigate whether concerns over the buildup of U. S. corporate debt are in fact reasonable. The health of the nonfinancial corporate sector on a firm-by-firm basis, focusing chiefly on three key measures of health: leverage, liquidity, and overall solvency. This study analysis suggests that the sector as a whole is in good shape, and that its financial health has actually improved during the late 1990s. Consider how the corporate sector might fare in the face of an economic challenge such as a major stock market correction or a large rise in interest rates. Nonetheless, the health of small firms is not as robust as that of large ones, and small firms are continuing to experience a decline in health. Theme of the study: From this case, we can understand clearly that if the debt in the financial economics increases than the proportion of debt also increases in non-financial companies. Due to these many firms faces loss, but in this loss, mostly small firms are bigger sufferers compared to big firms. To over come this loses; they carry out some research, which are leverage, equity and overall solvency. In small, on-financial firms the above following proportions of the researches are not accurate, but in small firms the proportions of this research are usually less, but also as the debt ratio is more in non-financial small firms, so for that the debt default happens more. As the health size in non-financial firms are smaller so for that they are suffering financially. Analysis and interpretation: U. S. corporate debt has grown rapidly in recent years. Between 1995 and 1999, the outstanding debt of nonfinancial corporations rose a hefty 46 percent—a trend typified by last year’s increase of 12 percent. Viewed as a share of GDP, such debt has now reached unprecedented heights. Average leverage for nonfinancial firms declined fairly steadily—from 0. 35 in late 1995 to 0. 22 in September 1999—despite the concurrent rise in overall debt. In essence, nonfinancial corporations in September 1999 on average had debt liabilities with a face value only slightly more than one-fifth the value of their outstanding equity. Moreover, average corporate leverage for the nonfinancial sector was rather low relative to the post-1974 average of 0. 47. Turn to a measure of average corporate leverage that uses asset values to determine earnings capacity (Chart 3, top line). By this measure, the average leverage ratio declined modestly during the late 1990s and—at 0. 23 in September 1999—was still slightly below its historical average of 0. 25. Although this measure has fallen less dramatically than our central measure and remains closer to its own historical average, it nonetheless suggests that the leverage of the nonfinancial corporate sector is not high. Despite differences in the liquidity ratios, all three confirm that the liquidity risk of the nonfinancial corporate sector has not risen sharply during the late 1990s. In addition; the ratios suggest that the sector’s liquidity risk presently is not very high. To measure solvency, economists typically compute a summary measure of corporate health called a Z-score. This score is a combination of five accounting ratios that assess leverage, liquidity, sales, working capital, and retained earnings. The first and most familiar Z-score was published by Altman (1968). More recently, alternatives have been offered by Begley, Ming, and Watts (1996) and Shumway (1999). To calculate Z-scores, one multiplies each ratio by a number—for example (in the case of Altman’s Z-score), 1. 00 for the sales ratio, 3. 30 for the retained earnings ratio—and sums the resulting products. Since Z-scores measure solvency, a higher score indicates a lower risk of bankruptcy. Three Z-scores for the U. S. nonfinancial corporate sector, computed using the methods of the researchers cited above, show that the likelihood of bankruptcy in this sector declined on average in the late 1990s. As we see from this Chart, the financial health of small firms did indeed worsen during the late 1990s. Leverage ratios for the smallest 20 percent of firms (ranked by market value) rose sharply after 1995 and are now fairly high by historical standards. Liquidity measures confirm that the decline in health is concentrated in the smallest firms, as do solvency measures such as Altman’s Z-score. This sizable deterioration can explain why measures such as default rates rose in the late 1990s, even as overall leverage declined. Table Years Rapidly Rising Corporate Debt 1995 to 1999 58% outstanding debt of nonfinancial corporations. 1995 to1999 0. 35 to 0. 22 average leverage for nonfinancial firms declined fairly. 1974 to 1998 Average 0. 47 leverage for nonfinancial firms declined fairly. 1990 to 1995 2. 6 % growth rate that easily exceeds. 1975 to1995 1. 9% growth rate that easily exceeds. 1974 to 1995 0. 5% leverage of the nonfinancial corporate sector remains below. 1990 to 1995 0. 80 to 1. 04 corporate healths, an employment weighted incense. 1974 to 1998 0. 83 to 1. 34 leverage according to this measure is still well below 1996 to1999 1. 00 to 3. Z-scores sales ratio is the retained earnings ratio—and sums the resulting products. 1995 to 1999 3. 2 to 5. 2 % while the average value recovered from defaulted debt. 1995 to 1999 9. 7 to 3. 3 Z-score, solvency still more than double the historical average 1990 to 1999 57 % average stock price decline implied by this scenario Generation of Questions: Why are US firm using more short term debts? How to determining of short term debt financing? What is the condition of financial sector? Is the condition of financial sectoring better them non-financial sector? How to handle short term debt? What type of necessary of resource or examine help to reduce debt default level? Is there any another way to solve this situation? How to improve the situation? How big is the debt overhang problem? Is the raise of leverage level solving this problem? Summary: By analysing US corporations had seen as the outstanding debt has increased so the economic factors are also being suffered. The main reason for this is the repayment of debt is not being done so for that the big firms are able to operate their work properly but as the capital of the small firms are also small. So as they are giving loans, they are not getting back the Amount of loan from their receivers so for that their debt increases. As the debt increases, the interest rate is increasing; equity risk is also increasing so also the leverage amount is decreasing as debt increases. Conclusion: The nonfinancial corporate sector is in good financial health. Some weakness, however, exists among the sector’s smallest firms. The sector as a whole would likely withstand a major stock market correction without a huge disruption, but a large rise in interest rates could bring the sector’s liquidity risk back to the relatively high levels common in the 1980s. December 1995 to December 1998 is the most recent period for which we have reasonably comprehensive employment data. Financial firms, by their nature, borrow heavily, so their leverage is generally extremely high. By excluding financial firms from our analysis, we avoid distortion comparisons. The impact of an interest rate rise makes no allowance for likely negative effects on business activity, so the actual increase in liquidity risk would likely be even higher than these figures suggest. Corporate finance theory currently cannot prescribe a â€Å"correct† level of borrowing for individual firms, and thus it cannot define an absolute level of leverage that would be safe or appropriate for the economy as a whole. Even more noteworthy is the possibility that the ratio would Approach the 1980s average of 0. 190; corporate liquidity during this decade was a source of widespread concern. Policy Prescriptions: Financial firms, by their nature, borrow heavily, so their leverage is generally extremely high. By excluding financial firms from our analysis, we avoid distortion comparisons. In addition, except where noted, 1999 data were available only through the third quarter. Further examination of the firm-by-firm data suggests that there are no noticeable patterns of change across industries aside from those related to size. Interest expense is reported in the aggregate for each firm. Cash flow is operating income before depreciation. By excluding capital expenditures from our measure of cash flow, we do not change our overall conclusions. So the actual increase in liquidity risk would likely be even higher than these figures suggest. Directions for Future Research: Here are some future researches given below: Current liabilities are primarily notes payable, debt due in one year, accounts payable, income taxes payable and accrued expenses. Current assets are mainly cash and short-term deposits, accounts receivable, inventories, and prepaid expenses. Interest expense is reported in the aggregate for each firm. Cash flow is operating income before depreciation. By excluding capital expenditures from our measure of cash flow, we do not change our overall conclusions. Set up a payment plan. Your creditor sometimes will do this for you, but in some casessuch as when you make a large purchase at no interest for the first year. Decide whether you want to distribute the payments evenly or whether you want to pay more at the beginning or end. Consider whether you should consolidate your debts into one payment. If you have several short- and long-term loans that you are trying to repay, it might make sense to consolidate your loans. This allows you to make one easy payment and might spread out the loan over a longer term. Reduce your expenses. With a short-term loan, you want to apply as much money as you can toward paying it off. To do this, you should try to reduce your expenses for the duration of the loan. Consider whether you should refinance your home to include the short-term debt. If youre worried that you wont be able to pay off the short-term loan on time, you might be able to refinance your home to get the money that you need. If you use your home equity to pay off the short-term debt, the money will become part of your mortgage payments. Apply all extra money to paying off the debt. When you cut back on your costs, be sure that you use the extra money to pay off the debt. This will decrease the time that it takes to repay your loan.

Sixth President John Quincy Adams - Fast Facts

Sixth President John Quincy Adams - Fast Facts John Quincy Adams was the ultimate diplomat for the United States. He was the son of Americas second president, John Adams. Like his father before him, he only served one term as president. After his failed second bid, he was elected to serve in the House of Representatives.   Following is a quick list of fast facts for John Quincy Adams.For more in depth information, you can also read the: John Quincy Adams Biography Birth: July 11, 1767 Death: February 23, 1848 Term of Office: March 4, 1825-March 3, 1829 Number of Terms Elected: 1 Term First Lady: Louisa Catherine Johnson  - She was the only foreign-born First Lady.   John Quincy Adams Quote: Individual liberty is individual power, and as the power of the community is a mass compounded of individual powers, the nation which enjoys the most freedom must necessarily be in proportion to its numbers the most powerful nation. Additional John Quincy Adams Quotes Major Events While in Office: Erie Canal Opens (1825) Tariff of Abominations (1828) Related John Quincy Adams Resources: These additional resources on John Quincy Adams can provide you with further information about the president and his times. John Quincy Adams BiographyTake a more in depth look at the Sixth president of the United States through this biography. Youll learn about his childhood, family, early career, and the major events of his administration. Top 10 Significant Presidential ElectionsJohn Quincy Adams was involved in one of the top ten significant elections in American History. In 1824, he beat Andrew Jackson for the presidency when it was put into the House of Representatives through what has been called the Corrupt Bargain. Chart of Presidents and Vice PresidentsThis informative chart gives quick reference information on the Presidents, Vice-Presidents, their terms of office, and their political parties. Other Presidential Fast Facts: James MonroeAndrew JacksonList of American Presidents

Unemployment Rate in Different States Term Paper

Unemployment Rate in Different States - Term Paper Example Unemployment Rate in Different States At first glance it is very easy to blame the 2008 economic downturn on the likes of people like Bernard Madoff and Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan. A lot of people even speak of the availability of â€Å"subprime† mortgages given to those who might not otherwise qualify for them. The housing bubble then burst, putting millions out of work in the domino theory. Another reason given is the United States fighting the Global War on Terror in two separate countries. Pouring money into two countries for what was deemed unwinnable conflicts struck many as a recipe for economic disaster. Whatever the reason, the entire planet began to suffer the effects of a â€Å"downturn† in 2008 that it has yet to recover from. Why and what the differences are between the different states are covered on the following pages. II. Worldwide Impact People cannot even agree what to call this crisis. The official name is a â€Å"downturn†, while there are many people, economists in cluded, who call it a recession. There are even those who hint of the word depression, even though politicians and economists alike vehemently deny the nation is in a depression. The memories of bread lines and political losses of 1929 are way too fresh in people’s minds for that term to probably ever be used again. Yet whatever one chooses to call it, this crisis seems to be unlike any felt since the end of World War II. As the table below shows, the economy of several selected countries has suffered greatly. Even those like China which did not go into the negative still endured losses of growth. GDP GROWTH 2008-09 SELECTED REGIONS (WTO) (PERCENTAGE) COUNTRY 2008 2009 USA 0.1 -2.8 EUROPEAN UNION 0.5 -4.0 CHINA 9.6 9.1 JAPAN -1.2 -6.3 DEVELOPED COUNTRIES AVG 0.2 -3.7 DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AVG 5.7 2.1 So it is evident a worldwide financial crisis cannot be blamed on any one man. Also since it has been well touted that in the rest of the world, mortgages are difficult if not imp ossible to obtain, the housing crisis is not the problem elsewhere. Also since many countries (such as China, Russia, and India) have historically always spent a large portion of their national budget on what Americans term defense, that should not pose a problem internationally either. But this paper is on unemployment in the United States and will therefore be the basis of the remainder of this paper. This introductory piece was just to show that this country has plenty of company in its misery and a Herculean effort will be required to make us feel safer monetarily. Yet it is also true that diversity plays a key in a region’s growth or failure. For instance, the WTO points out that most of the major powers in the European Union (like Germany and France) actually saw growth during the period listed in the table but statistically the entire Union endured losses, largely due to such countries as Ireland and Greece. The same can be said for the fifty states. While the United S tate’s unemployment rate rose five percentage points from 2007-10 (4.6 to 9.6 per cent), certain states underwent either far less rise in unemployment. For example, between 2008 and 2009, data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics shows some states such as New York, Michigan, and California shot to double digit figures. It is interesting to note that most of the jumps in unemployment were in the so-called industrialized states, while